HOA

Homeowners Associations

In 1996, The FCC affirmed the rights of homeowners to place antennas on property they own or control. See a nice overview article at http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/products/story/2012-04-29/pegoraro-rooftop-antenna/54582432/1
and
the FCC ruling at http://www.fcc.gov/guides/over-air-reception-devices-rule

Apartments & Condos

Apartment and condo association covenants can not prevent you from installing antennas in areas where you do not have “care and control.” i.e. You can install an antenna in your balcony where you have “care and control.” Ask the apartment / condo manager.